Managerial culture in the post-pandemic context: An action-research on evolving relationships with external clients and internal stakeholders An action-research on evolving relationships with external clients and internal stakeholders

Main Article Content

Giuseppe Carollo
Elisa D'Antona
Flavio Pacelli
Valeria Contessini

Abstract

The aim of this article is to promote hypotheses regarding changes in organizational cultures in the post-pandemic context, starting from the challenges faced by managers, particularly those related to human resource management. We present a concise and theoretically based overview of recent research in this area to locate within this framework a discussion of our own study, conducted in 2022, aimed at investigating the managerial culture of 60 Italian managers. The managerial culture we identified appears to struggle in constructively interpreting empolyees’ expectations, as well as clients’. This difficulty is consistent, on the one hand, with a symbolic representation of motivation as an individual and idiosyncratic dimension that pre-exist the encounter with the organizational context; and, on the other hand, with the fear for the ongoing changes and the illusion that they can be ignored to preserve an order perceived as fragile. Finally, we present the report of an organizational intervention developed following the research, highlighting the demand by managers to conceive the critical aspects of their relationship with employees and to draw on this feedback to orient their relationship with clients.

Article Details

Section

Researches

Author Biographies

Giuseppe Carollo

Psicologo, Specialista in Psicoterapia Psicoanalitica – Intervento clinico e Analisi della Domanda

Elisa D'Antona

Psicologa, Psicoterapeuta

Flavio Pacelli

Psicologo del Lavoro

Valeria Contessini

Psicologa

How to Cite

Carollo, G., D'Antona, E., Pacelli, F., & Contessini, V. (2025). Managerial culture in the post-pandemic context: An action-research on evolving relationships with external clients and internal stakeholders: An action-research on evolving relationships with external clients and internal stakeholders. Quaderni Di Psicologia Clinica, 13(2). https://doi.org/10.82037/qpc.2025.1438

References

Bakker, A.B., & Demerouti, E. (2007). The Job Demands-Resources model: State of the art. Journal of Managerial Psychology, 22(3), 309–328. https://doi.org/10.1108/02683940710733115

Basso, G. (2020). The evolution of the occupational structure in Italy, 2007-2017. Social Indicators Research, 152. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11205-020-02460-2

Bastasin, C., & Toniolo, G. (2020). La strada smarrita: Breve storia dell’economia italiana [The lost road: A brief history of the Italian economy]. Roma: Laterza.

Borner, K., Scrivner, O., Gallant, M., Ma, S., Liu, X., Chewning, K., … Evans, J.A. (2018). Skill discrepancies between research, education, and jobs reveal the critical need to supply soft skills for the data economy. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 115(50). https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1804247115

Bucci, F., & Giuliano, S. (2018). Come sta cambiando il significato culturale del lavoro: Dal mito individualista del progresso a nuove forme di integrazione tra appartenenza e creatività [Changes in the cultural meaning of work: From the individualist myth of progress to new forms of integration between belonging and creativity]. Rivista di Psicologia Clinica, 2, 34-51. https://doi.org/10.14645/RPC.2018.2.732

Cappellari, L., & Leonardi, M. (2015). Earnings instability and tenure. Scandinavian Journal of Economics, 118. https://doi.org/10.1111/sjoe.12142

Carli, R., & Paniccia, R.M. (1999). Psicologia della formazione [Training psychology]. Bologna: Il Mulino.

Carli, R., & Paniccia, R.M. (2003). Analisi della domanda. Teoria e tecnica dell’intervento in psicologia clinica [Analysis of demand: Theory and technique of intervention in clinical psychology]. Bologna: Il Mulino.

Carli, R., & Paniccia, R.M. (2012). Convivere [Living together]. Rivista di Psicologia Clinica, 2, 184-200. Retrieved from https://quadernidipsicologiaclinica.com/index.php/rpc-archivio/

Castel, R., & Enriquez, E. (2008). D'où vient la psychologisation des rapports sociaux? [Where does the psychologization of social relationships come from?]. Presses de Sciences Po, 17(2), 15-27. https://doi.org/10.3917/sopr.017.0015

Eurofound (2022). Working conditions in the time of COVID-19: Implications for the future. Publications Office of the European Union. https://doi.org/10.2806/056613

Gallup (2025). State of the global workplace. 2025 report. Gallup Inc. Retrieved from https://www.gallup.com/workplace/349484/state-of-the-global-workplace.aspx

Bartezzaghi, E., Della Rocca, G., Pero, L., Ponzellini, A.M. (2022). Organizzazione e lavoro in un’epoca di incertezze. Quaderni di Biblioteca della libertà. Einaudi. Retrieved from https://www.centroeinaudi.it/images/abook_file/1-Q-Bdl_Tassello.pdf

Hays (2025). Hays Italia salary guide 2025. Retrieved from https://www.hays.it/salary-guide

Iorio, S., Cilione, M., Martini, M., Tofani, M., & Gazzaniga, V. (2022). Soft skills are hard skills - A historical perspective. Medicina, 58. https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina58081044

McClelland, D.C., Atkinson, J.W., Clark, R.A., & Lowell, E.L. (1953). The achievement motive. Appleton: Century-Crofts.

OCSE (2017). Strategie per le competenze dell’OCSE – Sintesi del rapporto: Italia [OECD Skills Strategies – Report Summary: Italy]. OECD Publishing. Retrieved from https://www.oecd.org/en/countries/italy.html

OECD. (2018). The future of education and skills: Education 2030. OECD Publishing. Retrieved from https://www. oecd.org/

Poláková, M., Suleimanová, J.H., Madzìk, P., Copuš, L., Molnárová, I., & Polednová, J. (2023). Soft skills and their importance in the labour market under the conditions of Industry 5.0. Heliyon, 9(8). https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2405844023058784

Randstad (2024). Employer brand research. Retrieved from https://www.randstad.it/azienda/mercato-del-lavoro/randstad-employer-brand-research/

Rosolia, A. (2010). The evolution of the earnings distribution in Italy between 1986 and 2004: Evidence from the WHIP database. Politica economica, 26, 179-202. https://doi.org/10.1429/32532:y:2010:i:2:p:179-202

Rosolia, A., & Torrini, R. (2016). The generation gap: A cohort analysis of earnings levels, dispersion and initial labor market conditions in Italy, 1974-2014. Banca d’Italia, Questioni di Economia e Finanza, n. 366. Retrieved from https://www.bancaditalia.it/pubblicazioni/qef/2016-0366/index.html?com.dotmarketing.htmlpage.language=1

Rossi, S. (2020). La politica economica italiana dal 1968 a oggi [Italian economic policy from 1968 to the present day]. Roma: Laterza.

SPS Studio di Psicosociologia (2021). Convivere con il virus: Una ricerca psicosociale sui vissuti caratterizzanti la seconda ondata di Covid-19 [Living with the virus: Psychosocial research on the experiences characterizing the second wave of Covid-19]. Rivista di Psicologia Clinica, 16(1), 38-61. https://doi.org/10.14645/RPC.2021.1.843

Taylor, C. (1994). Il disagio della modernità [The malaise of modernity] (G. Ferrara degli Uberti, Trans.). Roma: Laterza. (Original work published 1991).

WHO (2013). Piano d'azione per la salute mentale 2013-2020 [Mental Health Action Plan 2013-2020]. Retrieved from https://www.salute.gov.it/

Most read articles by the same author(s)